Oligospermia is a condition in which abnormally low number of sperm in the ejaculate of the male. The normal range of sperm count is between 20 million/ml and 200 million/ml. That sperm count is below 20 million/ml indicates oligospermia.
A Men with low sperm counts or low motility often ask for treatment to correct the defect. Unfortunately, this is not often possible. Many cases of sperm abnormalities are genetic in origin. Since there is currently no way to correct such genetic defects, we end up working with the couple in ways that will (hopefully) increase their reproductive efficiency. This usually involves either intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilization (more below).
Hormone deficiencies
If the man has a hormonal deficiency, it might be treatable with medications. These are rare cases.
Varicocele ligation
A varicocele is an abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of panpiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. If there is a varicocele, it can be surgically treated - which might help fertility in some cases. However, well controlled studies of surgery vs. no surgery have failed to consistently demonstrate increased pregnancy rates with surgical correction. Some studies have shown better pregnancy rates after surgery, but other studies have shown lower pregnancy rates following surgery...
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene) for the infertile male
Some men with relatively mild sperm abnormalities have been treated with clomiphene citrate (tablets) in an attempt to improve the semen. According to published medical literature, Clomid for the male sometimes can improve the sperm count or motility. However, well-controlled medical studies have shown no increase in pregnancy rates.
PROCESS
Intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization
Mild to moderately low sperm counts and/or motility: Inseminations for about 3-6 months, then consider IVF with ICSI if not pregnant. Severely low counts and/or motility: IVF with ICSI
